Existence of God Essay

Translate and/or explain the following monetary value aesity, arete, endoxa, ergon, eudaimonia, peccatum, telos, virtus, vitium Arete Greek for virtue, or excellence Virtus and vitium Latin for virtue and v codswallop Endoxon (endoxa) Greek, beat-honored opinion(s) Ergon Greek, bureau/characteristic activity Eudaimonia Greek, happiness, well being Peccatum Latin, intrude Telos Greek, end, aim establish and/or apply the following concepts doctrine of the mean, the endoxic method, the function argument, omnipotence The Endoxic Method- reputable opinions for ex.Happiness as uniquely human, as under our experience, as requiring activity. The Function Argument-To know whether P is a practiced instance of its kind, you requirement to know the function (ergon) of P ? A virtue/excellence (arete) of P is a characteristic P needs in order to fill up its function. The Doctrine of the mean-1. For any given situation, thither is a specific hypocrisy appropriate to it, e. g. , de sire, anger, fear, confidence, envy, joy, pity, etc. 2. For any given affectation, one can let out it either too much, too little, or in the appropriate tot up 3.The upright person always exhibits an affectation in the appropriate amount. -for ex. truthfulness virtue regarding telling the truth about oneself? Defect self-depreciating Excess dissembler omnipotence- all power and unlimited power Distinguish goods that are, according to Aristotle, wanted for the rice beer of other things, valued for their bear interest group, and valued for their own sake and for the sake of other things you want few things that gets you other stuff.for example specie so its a sake for other things. valued for own sake-having a yacht gives you pleasure further and then enjoying it with much friends and travel the being and give you more pleasure. the one good. happiness is the one thing that any one wants and is valued for its own sake. e That which is valued only for its own sake and fo r whose sake allthing else is desired That which is valued for its own sake and for the sake of other things That which is valued only for the sake of other things.Discuss why Aristotle rejects conventional views that identify happiness with pleasure, honor, and virtue, and what he thinks this tells us about the spirit of happiness Aristotle rejects trinity car park conceptions of happinesspleasure, honor, and wealth. Happiness, he says, cannot be determine with any of these things (even though all three may be component of an overall happy life). Pleasure, he says, is found in satisfying desiresbut whether or not we can satisfy our desires is as much up to chance as it is up to us. The life of pleasure.Problem the life mate for a pig The life of honor. Problem not under our control The life of virtue. Problem compatible with inaction Distinguish between psychological, somatic, and impertinent goods, explaining how they contribute to Aristotles conception of happiness Extern al goods- attractiveness, wealth.. Psychological Goods- intellectual health.. Somatic goods- Nonetheless, happiness evidently needs external goods to be added, as we said, viciousnessce we cannot, or cannot easily, do fine actions if we lack the resources.For, first of all, in many an(prenominal) actions we use friends, wealth, and political power just as we use instruments. Further, expiration of certain things for instance, good birth, good children, beauty mars our blessedness. For we do not altogether have the character of happiness if we look utterly lewd or are ill-born, solitary, or childless and we have it even less, presumably, if our children or friends are totally bad, or were good but have died.Discuss the roles of habituation and right reason in Aristotles analysis of sinless action function of human beings is knowledge and it what separates from animals. virtuous action is what a rational person who acts for the right reason. but you also have to experience the correct emotions and feelings to do virtuous actions and be properly affected which means that you find the right things pleasant.And wants to do the right thing. so if you dont feel like you want to give money to homeless and alleviate give it it does not count as a virtous thing. the teachers ice lap technique- dont want to do it but do it for ice cream but over time the kids want to do it be name it is the virtuous thing to do.Identify and describe Aristotles three requirements for friendship and his three different kinds of friendship Pleasure-friendships- Most common among theyoung, fades easily utility-friendships,- most common among the old and also fades easily. character-friendships- You love a person because of the good qualities she or he possesses. genuine friendship. develop what Aristotle means when he claims that friends are south selves A friend is a second self, so that our sensibleness of a friends experienceence makes us more fully conscious of our own existence. and Friendly sex acts with ones neighbors, and the marks by which friendships are defined, seem to have proceeded from a mans relation with himself. For men think a friend is one who wishes well and does what is good, or seems so, for the sake of his friend, or one who wishes his friend to exist and live, for his sake let off why doubting Thomas thinks deitys existence is taken for granted(predicate), why it nevertheless may not be evident to us, and how Aquinas thinks paragons existence can be made evident Not every human realizes the existence of god. Examples of axiomatic propositionsA pig is an animal a bachelor is an unmarried male Being self-evident in itself versus self-evident to us Aquinas I maintain that God exists is self-evident in itself since its subject and predicate are identicalbut the proposition is not self-evident to us (197). Question 02 can Gods existence be made evident? Perhaps Gods existence is an phrase of faith, not of reason There are tw o types of demonstration those that betoken from cause to effectand those that argue from effect to cause (198). Hitting a pool ball, pressing the on button, hand on the stove.So, from what effects do we infer Gods existence? Gods effects in the world, Mozart and his music Understand Aquinas unmoved mover and teleological arguments for the existence of God and articulate at least one dissent to each Argument one of five the unmoved mover (200). Everything has a cause, but causes cant go on infinitely. The first reasonless cause is God. dissents why must it be God? Maybe time is infinite? Telos the end toward which a thing strives. Everything in nature has a telos. If a thing is non-intelligent, some intelligence must give it its telos.Objection nature is not telonic in this way Discuss why the misgiving can God create a stone that God cannot recruit? is said to be paradoxical and how Aquinas tries to resolve the paradox The paradox of omnipotence can God create a stone he c annot parent? If God can, there is something God cannot do, i. e. , lift the stone If God cannot, there is something God cannot do, i. e. , create the stone If there is something God cannot do, God is not all-powerful Therefore, God is not omnipotent So we conclude that Gods power extends to anything possible in itself and not implying contradiction.Clearly then God is called omnipotent because he can do everything possible in itself. (p. 249). because if god cannot lift the the stone he created, he is not omintipitent and also if he cannot create that he cannot lift therefore he is not omnipotent so either way god is not omnipotent so aquinas says that god creates certain laws in the universe that he himself cannot break which is considered absolute possibility and relativee possibility is what he can change. Explain what Aquinas means when he claims corruptive does not exist because cruel does not exit because evil is absence of happiness.Understand the weak and steady versi ons of the problem of evil and discuss Aquinas solution to the problem salubrious version of the problem If an omnipotent, omniscient, perfectly good God exists, then evil does not exist Evil exists Therefore, an omnipotent, omniscient, perfectly good God does not exist Weak version of the problem Evil exists The non-existence of God is a more plausible explanation of evil than is the existence of an omnipotent, omniscient, perfectly good God Therefore, its more plausible that God does not exist If an omnipotent, omniscient, perfectly good God exists, then evil does not exist.Aquinas answer to the problem of evil Why is there evil and sin in thet world? Evil is the necessary result of freedom of the forget Thus, God does not command sin, God permits sin Does God cause evil and sin? God is responsible for sinful actions but not for sins 296 Distinguish Aquinas conceptions of sodding(a), natural, and human law Human law Quoting Cicero laws origin with what nature produces, then by use of reason certain things plump customs, and finally things produced by nature and tested by custom are sanctified withthe weight of laws (420). dateless law God as miraculous legislator Clearlythe entire community of the universe is governed by Gods reason (417). Divine miserliness ordering of the universe toward good rude(a) law Non-moral sense laws of nature. Moral sense guides the actions of animals Since everything subjected to Gods providence is measured by the standards of his eternal law, as we have said, everything shares in some way in the eternal law, bearing its imprint in the seduce of a natural tendency to pursue the behavior and goals appropriate to it. argumentation creatures are subject to Gods providence is a special, more profound way than others by themselves sharing in the planning (418). Eternal law is identical to the mind of God as seen by God himself. It can be called law because God stands to the universe which he creates as a ruler does to a commu nity which he rules. When Gods reason is considered as it is understood by God Himself, i. e. in its unchanging, eternal nature (q91, a1) , it is eternal law.